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如何确定审计计划重要性:盈利公司非经常性交易影响
You are determining the planning materiality (PM) for the statutory audit of Starling Co., a production company that operates in a non-regulated industry. Historically, the entity is profitable, with steady levels of pretax income between MU 8 million and MU 10 million. During this year, the entity disposed of its long-lived intangible asset for a gain of MU 5 million, bringing the overall pre-tax income to MU 14 million. This long-lived intangible asset relates to the patents that the entity is no longer using in its operations and will not be replacing them with similar assets in the future. The entity has no plans of going public in the next 5 years, and no other factors for that would prohibit us from using the lower end of the range percent for determining the planning materiality. Considering this scenario, what would be the most likely result of your planning materiality assessment? Set the PM at MU 900 thousand, because disposal of the long-lived asset is a nonrecurring item and the factors that allow us to use the higher percent of the range for PM are present. Set the PM at MU 1,400 thousand, because the entity is historically profitable and the factors that allow us to use the higher end of the range for PM are present. Set the PM at MU 700 thousand, because disposal of the long-lived asset is an unusual transaction that increases the audit risk, thus warranting the use of the lower percentage of the range for PM.

根据企业会计准则第30号——财务报表列报(2014)-第二章 基本要求-第十条,重要性的判断应当根据企业所处的具体环境,从项目的性质和金额两方面予以判断。在确定计划重要性(PM)时,需要考虑企业的财务状况、经营成果和现金流量等因素。

在这个案例中,Starling Co.是一个盈利稳定的公司,其历史上的税前利润在800万至1000万MU之间。今年,公司处置了一个长期无形资产,获得了500万MU的收益,使得税前利润增加到1400万MU。这个长期无形资产是公司不再使用的专利,且未来不会替换。

考虑到公司没有计划在未来五年内上市,且没有其他因素限制使用较低的百分比来确定计划重要性,我们可以考虑使用历史盈利水平作为基准。由于处置长期无形资产是一个非经常性项目,它不应被视为常规经营活动的一部分,因此在确定计划重要性时,应更多地依赖于常规经营活动的盈利水平。

因此,最合理的做法是使用历史盈利水平的较低端(800万MU)作为基准,并应用一个适当的百分比来确定计划重要性。如果使用10%的百分比,计划重要性(PM)将是800万MU的10%,即80万MU。然而,考虑到公司的稳定盈利和非经常性项目的处置,可能需要适当调整这个百分比。如果选择11.25%的百分比,计划重要性(PM)将是90万MU。

综上所述,最可能的结果是设置计划重要性(PM)在90万MU左右,这既考虑了公司的历史盈利水平,也适当考虑了非经常性项目的影响。